PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS (sudah berlangsung dan masih berlansung)

Formula :

(+) S + have/has + been + V ing + O.

(-) S + have/has + not + been + V ing + O.

(?) has/have + S + been + V ing + O ?

Example :

(+)  He has been studying English at 2 o’clock until now.

(-) he has not been studying English at 2 o’clock until now.

(?) has he been studying English at 2 o’clock until now?

Questions word :

(subject)        : QWs + have/has + been + V ing + O?

(verb)            : QWv + have/has + been + S + doing?

(object)         : QWo + have/has + S + been + V ing?

(adverb)        : QWa + have/has + S + been + V ing + O?

Example :

We have been cooking rice at 2 o’clock until now.

   a                       b                       c                            d

a.    Who has been cooking rice at 2 o’clock until now?

b.    What have been we doing?

c.    What have we been cooking at 2 o’clock until now?

d.    When have we been cooking rice at 2 ‘clock?

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PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE (Verbal sentence)

Formula :

(+) S + to be( is, am, are) + V ing + O + time signal.

(-) S + to be( is, am, are) + not + V ing + O + time signal.

(?) to be( is, am, are) + S + V ing + O + time signal?

Penggunaan :

Menyatakan suatu aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung atau sedang terjadi di masa sekarang atau pada saat berbicara.

Time signal :

-   Now                        : sekarang

-   Still                         : masih

-   At present               : sekarang ini

-   At this moment      : pada saat ini

-   Right now               : sekarang ini

Example :

(+) I am speaking English now.

(-) I am not speaking English now.

(?) am I speaking english now?

Am    = I

 Is      = He, She, It

 Are   = You, They, We

Example :

Cat is eating a plate of fish now.

Questions word :

(subject)        : QWs + to be(is, am, are) + V ing + time signal?

(verb)            : QWv + to be(is, am, are) + S + doing?

(object)         : QWo + to be(is, am, are) + S + V ing + time signal?

(adverb)        : QWa + to be(is, am, are) + S + V ing + O?

Example:

They are singing a dangdut song now

     a                     b                                         c                    d

a.      Who is singing now?

b.      What are they doing ?

c.       What are they singing now?

d.      When are they singing a dangdut?

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profil

nama saya muhammad irwan yudha pradana, saya lahir di gresik pada tanggal 22 januari 1998, hobi saya bermain sepak bola

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Simple Present Tense (Nominal Sentences)

Pola Kalimat :

(+) S + To Be (Is, Am, Are) + Complement

(-) S + To Be (Is, Am Are ) + Not + Complement                           

(?) To Be (Is, Am, Are) + S + Complement

Example :

(+) I Am A Teacher

(-) I Am Not A Teacher

(?) Am I A Teacher?

( subject )      : QWs + V1(s/es) + O + time signal?

 ( verb )         : QWv + do/does + S + do + time signal?

 (object)        : QWo + do/does + S + V1 + time signal?

(adverb)        : QWA + do/does + S + V1 + O?

Am    = I

 Is      = He, She, It

 Are   = You, They, We         

           

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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE ( Verbal Sentences)

Formula :

(+) S + V1 (S/Es) + O + Time Signal

(- ) S + Do/Does + Not + V1 + O + Time Signal

(? ) Do/Does + S + V1 + O + Time Signal?

   Note :

I

You

They            + V1 (Without “S/Es”)

We

                                                                                                            Positive Sentence

He

She             + V1 ( Added “S/Es”

It

I

You

They           + Do

We

                                                                                        Negative Sentence And Interrogative     

He

She              + Does

It

1.      Untuk Menyatakan Aktivitas Yang Dilakukan Secara Berulang-Ulang Atau Merupakan Sesuatu Kebiasaan ( Habitual Action )

Example :  - I Go To School Everyday

-  My Mother Cooks Rice Every Morning

2.      Untuk Menyatakan Kebenaran Umum ( General Truth )

-  The Sun Rises In The East

-  A Week Has Seven Days

Time Signal :

·     Everyday              = Setiap Hari

·     Every Week          = Setiap Minggu

·     Often                    = Sering

·     Seldom                 = Jarang

·     Sometimes           = Kadang-Kadang

·     Always                  = Selalu

·     Usually                 = Biasanya

·     Once A Week       = Seminggu Sekali

·     Twice                    = Dua Kali

·     Three Times         = Tiga Kali

·     Rarely                   = Jarang

·     Occasionally         = Kadang-Kadang

·     Once A Day          = Sekalin Sehari

·     Generally             = Umumnya

Example :

(+) He Reads Book Everyday.

(- ) He Doesn’t Read Book Every Day.

(?) Does He Read Book Every Day?

(-?) Doesn’t He Read Book Every Day?

Questions Wors

Pola Kalimat :

( subject )      : QWs + V1(s/es) + O + time signal?

 ( verb )         : QWv + do/does + S + do + time signal?

 (object)        : QWo + do/does + S + V1 + time signal?

(adverb)        : QWA + do/does + S + V1 + O?

Example :

We Speak English Everyday

   A         B                C               D

a.     Who Speaks English Every Day?

b.     What Do We Do Every Day?

c.      What Do We Speak Every Day?

d.     When Do We Speak English?

Note :

·     What        : Apa. Digunakan Untuk Menanyakan Subject Dan Object Bukan Orang.

·     Who          : Siapa. Digunakan Untuk Menanyakan Subject Orang.

·     Whom      : Siapa. Digunaka Untuk Menanyakan Object Orang.

·     Whose      : Milik Siapa. Digunakan Untuk Menanyakan Kepemilikan.

·     Which       : Yang Mana. Digunakan Untuk Menanyakan Pilihan.

·     Why          : Mengapa. Digunakan Untuk Menanyakan Alasan.

·     How          : Bagaimana. Digunakan Untuk Menanyakan Keadaan.

·     Where      : Dimana. Digunakan Untuk Menanyakan Tempat.

·     When        : Kapan. Digunakan Untuk Menanyakan Waktu.

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